Survey of Fusarium toxins in foodstuffs of plant origin marketed in Germany
- Publikations-Art
- Zeitschriftenbeitrag
- Autoren
- Schollenberger, M., Müller, H.-M., Rüfle, M., Suchy, S., Plank, S. and Drochner, W.
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2005
- Veröffentlicht in
- Intern. J. of Food Microbiology
- Band/Volume
- 97/
- Seite (von - bis)
- 317-326
- Schlagworte
- Fusarium toxin, gluten-free food, oilseeds, pseudocereals, Trichothecenes
A total of 219 samples of foodstuffs of plant origin, consisting of grain-based food, pseudocereals and glutenfree food as well as vegetables, fruits, oilseeds and nuts, were randomly collected during 2000 and 2001 in food and health food stores. A spectrum of 13 trichothecene toxins including diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), scirpentriol (SCIRP), T-2 and HT-2 toxins (T-2, HT-2), T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, neosolaniol (NEO) of the A- type as well as deoxynivalenol (DON), 3- and 15-acetyl-DON (3-, 15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and fusarenon-X (FUS-X) of the B-type were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analysis of zearalenone (ZEA), - and -zearalenol (a- and ß-ZOL) was made by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV-detection. Detection limits ranged between 1 and 19 µg/kg. Out of 84 samples of cereal-based including glutenfree foods, 60 samples were positive for at least one of the toxins DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, NIV, T-2, HT-2, T-2 tetraol and ZEA, with incidences at 57, 13, 1, 10, 12, 37, 4 and 38 %, respectively, whereas SCIRP and its derivatives MAS and DAS, T-2 triol, Fus-X as well as a- and ß-ZOL were not detected in any sample of this subgroup. Contents of DON ranged between 8 and 389 µg/kg, for all other toxins determined concentrations were below 100 µg/kg. The pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat were free of the toxins investigated. 10 of 85 samples of vegetables and fruits were toxin positive. ZEA and the type A trichothecenes MAS, SCIRP, DAS, HT-2 were detected in 7, 3, 2, 1 and 1 samples, respectively. Out of 35 samples of oilseeds and nuts 7 samples were toxin positive. HT-2, T-2 and ZEA were detected in 4, 3 and 4 samples, respectively. In vegetables and fruits as well as in oilseeds and nuts toxin levels were below 50 µg/kg. None of the B-type trichothecenes analysed was found for both subgroups.